ABSTRACT
Nucleotide binding oligomeric dome-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is an intracellular sensing protein complex， and it is an important player in the innate immune system， capable of sensing foreign pathogens and endogenous danger signals. After tissue injury， the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18， while promoting gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis. Existing studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the occurrence and development of common bone and joint diseases such as osteoporosis， osteoarthritis， rheumatoid arthritis， and gouty arthritis by inducing inflammatory cascade reaction and accelerating bone resorption and cartilage destruction. Therefore， blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway may be an effective strategy to treat or prevent bone and joint diseases. Currently， researchers have developed and tested several drugs that selectively target the NLRP3 inflammasome in animal and clinical studies， but the progress has been poor due to obvious side effects and high prices. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely recognized in the treatment of bone and joint diseases due to its unique advantages of multi-target， multi-pathway， multi-mechanism synergism， low price， and low side effects. With the deepening of research， the targeted intervention of NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM in the treatment of bone and joint diseases has attracted wide attention. In this paper， the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoarthritis was summarized by analyzing relevant literature in China and abroad in recent years， and the progress of targeted intervention of NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM in the treatment of bone and joint diseases was systematically reviewed， so as to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the treatment of bone and joint diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the residual radioactivity after 131I treatment in postoperative inpatients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) using service robot in nuclear medicine ward, and assess the time for patients to be released from isolation.@*Methods@#From September 2017 to June 2018, 297 patients (94 males, 203 females, age: 19-80 years) with DTC who underwent 131I treatment after surgery were included. According to the purpose of treatment and the prescription dosage of 131I, patients were divided into 8 groups: 4 groups accepted 131I remnant ablation therapy (RAT) with different dosages, which were 3 700 MBq (RAT1, n=34), 4 440 MBq (RAT2, n=122), 5 550 MBq (RAT3, n=81) and 7 400 MBq (RAT4, n=27), respectively; 4 groups had 131I treatment for recurrent/metastatic lesions (RMLT), and the dosages were 3 700 MBq (n=1), 4 440 MBq (n=2), 5 550 MBq (n=14) and 7 400 MBq (n=16). At 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after 131I administration, the dose equivalent rates at 2 cm away from the patient′s neck and at 1 m away from the body were measured by the robot designed for nuclear medicine ward. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Neck dose equivalent rates for patients with RAT at different time points (4, 24, 48 and 72 h) after 131I administration were significantly different among 4 groups (H values: 20.889-46.410, all P<0.05), as well as the body dose equivalent rates (H values: 27.181-35.497, all P<0.05). The neck dose equivalent rates at 24, 48 and 72 h after 131I administration were statistically different between group 3 and 4 for patients with RMLT (z values: 2.328-3.076, all P<0.05; data in group 1 and 2 were too limited to be compared), while there was no statistical difference for the body dose equivalent rates (z values: 0.333-1.621, all P>0.05). The radioactivity retention in patients decreased rapidly within 24 h, then slowed down gradually and became extremely low at 72 h. At 72 h after 131I administration, 96.6%(255/264) patients with RAT and 100%(33/33) patients with RMLT were lower than 23.3 μSv/h, which meant the patients could be discharged from hospitalization.@*Conclusions@#Nuclear medicine ward service robots may dynamically measure residual radioactivity in DTC patients who take 131I treatment, providing individualized isolation solutions.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the residual radioactivity after 131 I treatment in postoperative in-patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) using service robot in nuclear medicine ward, and as-sess the time for patients to be released from isolation. Methods From September 2017 to June 2018, 297 patients ( 94 males, 203 females, age:19-80 years) with DTC who underwent 131 I treatment after surgery were included. According to the purpose of treatment and the prescription dosage of 131 I, patients were divid-ed into 8 groups:4 groups accepted 131 I remnant ablation therapy ( RAT) with different dosages, which were 3700 MBq ( RAT1, n=34) , 4440 MBq ( RAT2, n=122) , 5550 MBq ( RAT3, n=81) and 7400 MBq ( RAT4, n=27) , respectively;4 groups had 131 I treatment for recurrent/metastatic lesions ( RMLT) , and the dosages were 3700 MBq ( n=1) , 4440 MBq ( n=2) , 5550 MBq ( n=14) and 7400 MBq ( n=16) . At 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after 131 I administration, the dose equivalent rates at 2 cm away from the patient's neck and at 1 m away from the body were measured by the robot designed for nuclear medicine ward. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results Neck dose equivalent rates for patients with RAT at different time points ( 4, 24, 48 and 72 h) after 131 I administration were significantly different among 4 groups (H values:20.889-46.410, all P<0.05), as well as the body dose equivalent rates (H values:27.181-35.497, all P<0.05). The neck dose equivalent rates at 24, 48 and 72 h after 131 I administration were statistically different between group 3 and 4 for patients with RMLT ( z values:2.328-3.076, all P<0.05;data in group 1 and 2 were too limited to be compared) , while there was no statistical difference for the body dose equivalent rates (z values:0.333-1.621, all P>0.05). The radioactivity retention in patients decreased rapidly within 24 h, then slowed down gradually and became ex-tremely low at 72 h. At 72 h after 131I administration, 96.6％(255/264) patients with RAT and 100％(33/33) patients with RMLT were lower than 23.3 μSv/h, which meant the patients could be discharged from hospitalization. Conclusions Nuclear medicine ward service robots may dynamically measure residual radi-oactivity in DTC patients who take 131 I treatment, providing individualized isolation solutions.
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Objective:To study the clinical pathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of rare type carcinoma of the breast. Methods:According to the new World Health Organization Classification of Tumors(2003),42 cases of rare type carcinoma of the breast were studied by clinical data and correlated investigation of pathology.Results: All the slides of the breast carcinoma in our department were reviewed,9 cases of glycogen-rich,clear cell carcinoma,4 cases of mucinous carcinoma,2 cases of tubular carcinoma,18 cases of metaplastic carcinoma,6 cases of apocrine carcinoma,1 case of secretary carcinoma,and 2cases of lipid-rich carcinoma were found.Different histologic type has different appearance in the light microscopy,special staining and electromicroscopy.Conclusion:Definite histological classification of breast carcinoma will be helpful in guiding the clinical treatment and estimating patients' prognosis.